Mandatory Front-of-Package Labelling (FOPL) in India



The Supreme Court of India, in a recent hearing (February 2026), expressed dissatisfaction with the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) regarding its progress on implementing mandatory Front-of-Package Labelling (FOPL). The Court highlighted that the current delay impacts the "Right to Health" of citizens, especially given the rising tide of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs).

The Core Issue: Warning Labels vs. Health Ratings

​A significant point of contention exists between the regulator (FSSAI) and health advocates (NGOs):
  • ​FSSAI’s Proposal (Indian Nutrition Rating - INR): A "Star Rating" system (0.5 to 5 stars) similar to BEE energy ratings for electronics. It averages positive and negative nutrients.
  • ​Petitioner’s Demand (Warning Labels): Explicit "Warning Labels" for high sugar, salt, and fat (HFSS) content. This is a "black-and-white" approach used in countries like Chile and Mexico.

Legal and Regulatory Framework

  • ​Constitutional Basis: The Supreme Court linked FOPL to Article 21 (Right to Life), which encompasses the Right to Health.
  • ​Regulatory Body: FSSAI, under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, is the statutory body (FSS Act, 2006) responsible for these regulations.
  • ​Existing Rules: Food Safety and Standards (Labelling and Display) Regulations, 2020. Current amendments seek to make the "Back of Pack" information move to the front in a simplified format.

Challenges in Implementation

  • ​Industry Resistance: Concerns over the impact on the massive ultra-processed food market.
  • ​The "Star Rating" Controversy: Experts argue that star ratings "mask" harmful ingredients by highlighting positive ones.
  • ​Consumer Literacy: Labels must be intuitive enough for a diverse, multi-lingual population with varying levels of education.

Practice MCQ 

Q)The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) functions under which of the following?
A. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare
B. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
C. Ministry of Consumer Affairs
D. NITI Aayog






Correct Answer : B